National legislation
Select a country from the list below to access legislation issued by each national government relating to the rights of nature. The documents are categorised by the entity the legislation concerns.
- Australia
- Benin
- Belize
- Bolivia
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Ecuador
- El Salvador
- France
- France - New Caledonia
- New Zealand
- Panama
- Philippines
- Spain
- Uganda
River
Road
Forest
- 2012: Sacred Forest Law.
Reef System
Constitution
Mother Earth
- 2016: Peoples's Manifesto for Life (Declaration) "Toro toro".
- 2021: Call to action Re-Establishing our connection with Pachamama (Declaration).
Rights of Nature
- 2010: Mother Earth Rights Law + UN of the Rights of Mother Earth [PDF 1,014KB].
- 2012: Law 300. Framework Law of Mother Earth and Integral Deveopment to Live Well [PDF 229KB].
River
- 2024: Ranchería River Law.
Mother Earth
Constitution
Environment
Water
Nature
Trees
Indigenous Cosmovision
Indigenous Ontologies of Nature
- 1991: Resource Management Act.
- 1998: Ngai Tahu Claims Settlement Act.
- 2002: Te Uri o Hau Claims Settlement Act.
- 2005: Ngāti Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) Claims Settlement Act.
- 2006: Te Arawa Lakes Settlement Act Indigenous Ontologies of Nature.
- Waikato River:
- 2012: Ngati Pahauwera Treaty Claims Sttlement Act.
- 2012: Nga Wai o Maniapoto (Waipa River) Act.
- 2012: Ngāti Manawa Claims Settlement Act.
- 2012: Ngāti Whare Claims Settlement Act.
- 2013: Ngai Tuhoe Deed of Settlement 4 Jun 2013 (Te Urewera) [PDF 2,589KB].
- 2014: Te Urewera Act - 2014 [PDF 836KB].
- Whanganui River:
- 2017: Taranaki Maunga Te Anga Putakerongo - Record of Understanding [PDF 886KB].
- 2017: Taranaki Maunga Record of Understanding.
- 2017: Treaty Crown and Maori Iwi.
- 2018: Ngāti Tūwharetoa Claims Settlement Act.
- 2019: Ngāti Rangi Claims Settlement Act.
- 2020: National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management.
- 2020: Taumata Arowai–the Water Services Regulator Act.
- 2021: Water Services Act.
River
- Whanganui River:
- 1999: Whanganui River Report - 1999 [PDF 12,685KB].
- 2012: Whanganui River Agreement - 2012 [PDF 117KB].
- 2016: Whanganui Iwi Ruruku Whakatupua Te Tanekaha Supplementary Deed - 27 April 2016 [PDF 282KB].
- 2014: Whanganui Iwi Whanganui River Deed of Settlement Summary - 5 August 2014 [PDF 1,333KB].
- 2014: Whanganui River Deed of Settlement Ruruku Whakatupua Te Mana o Te Awa Tupua 5 August 2014 [PDF 1,810KB].
- 2014: Whanganui River Deed of Settlement Ruruku Whakatupua Te Mana o Te Iwi o Whanganui - 5 August 2014 [PDF 1,089KB].
Ecosystems
Rights of Nature
Rights of Nature and Ecosystems
Eco-Governance System
Rights of Nature
Lagoon
- 2022: Mar Menor Act [PDF 5,224KB].